Ijma and qiyas are part of ijtihad. Ijtihad is not detached from the first sources, Al-Qur'an and Sunnah with the understanding of the Companions. The way of qiyas works is by analogical deduction the same illat between the condition which already had the ruling with the condition which has not been explained the ruling (furu').
Istislah (Arabic استصلاح "to deem proper") is a method employed by Muslim jurists to solve problems that find no clear answer in sacred religious texts. It is related to the term مصلحة Maslaha, or "public interest". ( wikipedia) Note that Istislah is only applied if there's no text or a deduced analogy based on a text, so Istislah
Various sources of Islamic Laws are used by Islamic jurisprudence to elaborate the body of Islamic law. In Sunni Islam, the scriptural sources of traditional jurisprudence are the Holy Qur'an, believed by Muslims to be the direct and unaltered word of God, and the Sunnah, consisting of words and actions attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the hadith literature.
Sources of Muslim Law are classified into two kinds a) Primary sources and b) Secondary sources. The Quran, The Sunnah, Ijma, and Qiyas are the primary sources of the Muslim Law. While customs (urf), legislations, judicial precedents, justice equity and good conscience are considered as secondary sources of the Muslim Law.
The largest difference between Ijma and Qiyas is in Ijma, it is a consensus of Muslim jurists while in Qiyas, it is the use of Islamic analogy as a precedent to come out a ruling. Which means Qiyas no need consensus from the jurists The similar parts of Ijma and Qiyas are they are both ruling made by the mujtahid, ie the Muslim jurists.
The primary sources of Islamic law are the Holy Book (The Quran), The Sunnah (the traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad ), Ijma' (Consensus), and Qiyas (Analogy). In this section of the research guide specifically presents the primary sources that include the actual rules of law created by the God and the Prophet Muhammad.
According to Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee, Islamic Jurisprudence ( Usul-ul- Fiqh ) is a body of principles of interpretation by the help of which the Mujtahid is able to derive the law from the detailed evidence in the Qura'nIjma'. 1. It is important to state that
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difference between ijma and qiyas
